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<title>Optoelectronics</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Optoelectronics</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Electro-optics" title="Electro-optics">electro-optics</a>.</div>

<p><b>Optoelectronics</b> (or <b>optronics</b>) is the study and application of <a href="Electronics" title="Electronics">electronic</a> devices and systems that find, detect and control <a href="Light" title="Light">light</a>, usually considered a sub-field of <a href="Photonics" title="Photonics">photonics</a>. In this context, <i>light</i> often includes invisible forms of radiation such as <a href="Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a>, <a href="X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a>, <a href="Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> and <a href="Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a>, in addition to visible light. Optoelectronic devices are electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical <a href="Transducer" title="Transducer">transducers</a>, or instruments that use such devices in their operation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i><a href="Electro-optics" title="Electro-optics">Electro-optics</a></i> is often erroneously used as a synonym, but is a wider branch of <a href="Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> that concerns all interactions between light and <a href="Electric_field" title="Electric field">electric fields</a>, regardless of whether they form part of an electronic device.

</p><p>Optoelectronics is based on the <a href="Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanical</a> effects of <a href="Light" title="Light">light</a> on electronic materials, especially <a href="Semiconductors" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductors">semiconductors</a>, sometimes in the presence of <a href="Electric_field" title="Electric field">electric fields</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Photoelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoelectric">Photoelectric</a> or <a href="Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a> effect, used in:

<ul><li><a href="Photodiode" title="Photodiode">photodiodes</a> (including <a href="Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Phototransistor" class="mw-redirect" title="Phototransistor">phototransistors</a></li>

<li><a href="Photomultiplier" title="Photomultiplier">photomultipliers</a></li>

<li><a href="Optoisolator" class="mw-redirect" title="Optoisolator">optoisolators</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_optical_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated optical circuit">integrated optical circuit</a> (IOC) elements</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Photoconductivity" title="Photoconductivity">Photoconductivity</a>, used in:

<ul><li><a href="Photoresistor" title="Photoresistor">photoresistors</a></li>

<li>photoconductive camera tubes</li>

<li><a href="Charge-coupled_imaging_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Charge-coupled imaging device">charge-coupled imaging devices</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Stimulated_emission" title="Stimulated emission">Stimulated emission</a>, used in:

<ul><li>injection <a href="Laser_diode" title="Laser diode">laser diodes</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_cascade_laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum cascade laser">quantum cascade lasers</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Lossev effect, or <a href="Radiative_recombination" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiative recombination">radiative recombination</a>, used in:

<ul><li><a href="Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">light-emitting diodes</a> or LED</li>

<li><a href="OLED" title="OLED">OLEDs</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Photoemission" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoemission">Photoemissivity</a>, used in

<ul><li><a href="Phototube" title="Phototube">photoemissive camera tube</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<p>Important applications<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of optoelectronics include:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Optocoupler" class="mw-redirect" title="Optocoupler">Optocoupler</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical-fiber_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical-fiber communications">Optical-fiber communications</a></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Electronics" title="Electronics">Electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Interconnect_bottleneck" title="Interconnect bottleneck">Interconnect bottleneck</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">Liquid-crystal display</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-radiative_lifetime" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-radiative lifetime">Non-radiative lifetime</a></li>

<li><a href="OECC" title="OECC">OECC</a> (OptoElectronics and Communications Conference)</li>

<li><a href="Optical_amplifier" title="Optical amplifier">Optical amplifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">Optical fiber</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_interconnect" title="Optical interconnect">Optical interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="Opto-electronic_oscillator" title="Opto-electronic oscillator">Opto-electronic oscillator</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_optical_interface" title="Parallel optical interface">Parallel optical interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Photoemission" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoemission">Photoemission</a></li>

<li><a href="Photoemission_spectroscopy" title="Photoemission spectroscopy">Photoemission spectroscopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Photovoltaic_effect" title="Photovoltaic effect">Photovoltaic effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Stimulated_emission" title="Stimulated emission">Stimulated emission</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFKoch2014" class="citation book cs1">Koch, Norbert, ed. (November 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/ebook/978-1-84973-826-2"><i>Supramolecular Materials for Opto-Electronics</i></a>. Smart Materials Series. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2F9781782626947">10.1039/9781782626947</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-84973-826-2</bdi> – via pubs.rsc.org.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516081725/http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22516/l/physics-and-technology--vishay-optoelectronics">"Physics and Technology - Vishay Optoelectronics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22516/l/physics-and-technology--vishay-optoelectronics">the original</a> on May 16, 2016.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22930/l/optocoupler-application-examples">"<i>Optocoupler Application Examples</i>"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Optoelectronics" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Optoelectronics">Optoelectronics</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oida.org">OIDA (Optoelectronics Industry Development Association)</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Photonics52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Photonics" title="Photonics">Photonics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biophotonics" title="Biophotonics">Biophotonics</a></li>

<li><a href="Microphotonics" title="Microphotonics">Microphotonics</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanophotonics" title="Nanophotonics">Nanophotonics</a> (<a href="Plasmonics" title="Plasmonics">Plasmonics</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Optical_computing" title="Optical computing">Optical computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Silicon_photonics" title="Silicon photonics">Silicon photonics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biophoton" title="Biophoton">Biophoton</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_DPSK_demodulator" title="Optical DPSK demodulator">Optical DPSK demodulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Delay_line_interferometer" title="Delay line interferometer">Delay line interferometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Erbium-doped_waveguide_amplifier" title="Erbium-doped waveguide amplifier">Erbium-doped waveguide amplifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_interleaver" title="Optical interleaver">Optical interleaver</a></li>

<li><a href="Photonic_integrated_circuit" title="Photonic integrated circuit">Photonic integrated circuit</a></li>

<li><a href="Photonic_crystal" title="Photonic crystal">Photonic crystal</a></li>

<li><a href="Photonic-crystal_fiber" title="Photonic-crystal fiber">Photonic-crystal fiber</a></li>

<li><a href="Slot-waveguide" title="Slot-waveguide">Slot-waveguide</a></li>

<li><a href="Subwavelength-diameter_optical_fibre" title="Subwavelength-diameter optical fibre">Subwavelength-diameter optical fibre</a></li>

<li><a href="Superprism" title="Superprism">Superprism</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_stretch_analog-to-digital_converter" class="mw-redirect" title="Time stretch analog-to-digital converter">Time stretch analog-to-digital converter</a></li>

<li><a href="Wireless_power_transfer" title="Wireless power transfer">Wireless power transfer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arrayed_waveguide_grating" title="Arrayed waveguide grating">Arrayed waveguide grating</a></li>

<li><a href="Atomic_coherence" title="Atomic coherence">Atomic coherence</a></li>

<li><a href="Dark_state" title="Dark state">Dark state</a></li>

<li><a href="Diffraction_grating" title="Diffraction grating">Diffraction grating</a></li>

<li><a href="Extraordinary_optical_transmission" title="Extraordinary optical transmission">Extraordinary optical transmission</a></li>

<li><a href="Holographic_grating" title="Holographic grating">Holographic grating</a></li>

<li><a href="Monte_Carlo_method_for_photon_transport" title="Monte Carlo method for photon transport">Monte Carlo method for photon transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Wavelength_selective_switching" title="Wavelength selective switching">Wavelength selective switching</a></li>

<li><a href="Photon_diffusion" title="Photon diffusion">Photon diffusion</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_neural_network" title="Optical neural network">Optical neural network</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_sail" title="Solar sail">Solar sail</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Optics" title="Optics">Optics</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_optics" title="Quantum optics">Quantum optics</a></li>

<li><a href="Solid-state_physics" title="Solid-state physics">Solid-state physics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1180" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1180" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043687-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85095201">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119328961">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119328961">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="optoelektronika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123773&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548407905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/a75a23e4-5454-4632-b8ef-980bd4385d76">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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